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Researchers testing next-generation ankle braces for stroke survivors

Alexander James Servantez — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 18:30:06 +0000

Researchers testing next-generation ankle braces for stroke survivors Alexander Jame… Tue, 07/15/2025 - 12:30

Alexander Servantez

Nearly 80% of all stroke survivors experience walking issues, according to a study in the American Heart Association journal.

For some of them, the solution is simple: ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs), otherwise known as ankle braces. These wearable, assistive devices are designed to enhance mobility and make walking easier post-stroke.

But the functionality of these braces is still very limited. In fact, a report in the National Library of Medicine said that only a third of stroke patients see walking improvements when paired with an AFO.

That’s why Cara Welker, an assistant professor in the Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, is leading a new, collaborative research project that aims to redefine this relationship. Her team is developing a next-generation AFO that doesn’t just support movement—it enhances it.

A quick look at the next-generation AFO prototype, designed by Associate Professor Elisa Arch at the University of Delaware.

“Stroke survivors or others using these assistive devices walk slower, and it takes more effort for them to move,” said Welker, who is also affiliated with the Biomedical Engineering Program, the Robotics Program and the BioFrontiers Institute. “Movement is important, not just for getting around, but for our quality of life and physical health. If we can help someone walk faster or get closer to how a healthy person walks, then we see that as a success.”

Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the three-year, $600,000 project is a collaboration with Associate Professor Elisa Arch at the University of Delaware. It begins with a unique AFO prototype that the two believe has the potential to transform the way assistive devices are designed.

Current ankle brace technology offers only a single stiffness profile that operates like a simple spring. They can be effective for some, but Welker says the human ankle is much more complex than that.

“The single stiffness profile doesn’t mimic normal ankle function when walking,” Welker said. “It can’t adapt to the stiffness or the biological angle of a human ankle, which means many brace users still have trouble walking.”

To address this, Arch developed a new AFO that can transition between two different stiffness profiles instead of one. Think of it as a more personalized brace that is tailored to the complexity of the ankle—as a person walks and their ankle angle changes, the brace can change how it behaves to provide better support.

But the challenge of the research project isn’t necessarily in the design. Welker says brace customization is currently largely based on trial and error. The lack of precise modeling makes it difficult to pair different stiffness profiles and properties with the needs of the user.

“The device we have is very promising, but we don’t know how to prescribe these different stiffnesses based on someone’s specific set of weaknesses,” said Welker. “It might likely be different from one person to another since stroke manifests itself in many ways.”

A series of tests, using the powered exoskeleton, motion capture cameras and integrated treadmills, being performed inside of the Welker Lab space.

Using her cutting-edge Welker Lab space—equipped with a powered exoskeleton, motion capture cameras, ground-integrated treadmills and force plates—Welker’s role is to test the device. The goal is to see the AFO in action, model how changing these device parameters affect walking, and optimize along the way wherever possible.

“There’s this technique called human-in-the-loop optimization. It involves changing behavior of an assistive device and measuring how these changes affect certain user metrics that are deemed important,” Welker said. “We want to use this technique to measure things like walking speed or energy expenditure. By doing this, we can select the parameters that best optimize for outcome metrics we care about for a specific person.”

Welker has aspirations beyond the NSF-funded project, as well. She believes their research can be manufactured at scale and prescribed in clinics, helping stroke survivors and brace users around the world achieve normal ankle function.

She also believes the work done during this project can positively impact her other projects. Whether it’s in the realm of AFOs or other assistive devices like prosthetics, Welker’s research is well-rounded and diverse. But she says her unique lab space with different assistive devices and the ability to quantify how people interact with them ties it all together.

“We work on many different projects, but it’s great because we can integrate them under the same human motion analysis system,” said Welker. “I’m excited to work on these types of studies, not just for people post-stroke, but also amputees. I believe the work we do will help improve the quality of life for many people.”

Nearly 80% of all stroke survivors experience walking issues and turn to ankle braces for increased support, but ankle braces are still very limited and many stroke survivors report no improvements when using them. Assistant Professor Cara Welker is leading a new, collaborative research project that aims to transform the way these assistive devices are designed.

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How slashing university research grants impacts economy, national innovation

Alexander James Servantez — Thu, 10 Jul 2025 20:37:30 +0000

How slashing university research grants impacts economy, national innovation Alexander Jame… Thu, 07/10/2025 - 14:37

Federal funding cuts in the billions have impacted dozens of universities in the U.S. Read from Professor and Senior Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation Massimo Ruzzene on why this research is important for everybody.

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Two ME graduate peer mentors recognized for outstanding support

Alexander James Servantez — Mon, 07 Jul 2025 17:36:27 +0000

Two ME graduate peer mentors recognized for outstanding support Alexander Jame… Mon, 07/07/2025 - 11:36

PhD students Marissa Dauner and Elijah Miller have been selected by the Graduate School to receive the Graduate Peer Mentoring Impact Recognition, an honor awarded to those who have demonstrated exceptional dedication to supporting their peers through mentorship. These outstanding mentors were nominated by their mentees for providing not only practical guidance, but also meaningful personal support and connection.

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Game plan: ME alum scores a data science job with the Broncos

Alexander James Servantez — Wed, 25 Jun 2025 17:14:40 +0000

Game plan: ME alum scores a data science job with the Broncos Alexander Jame… Wed, 06/25/2025 - 11:14

Scott Flaska (MechEngr'14) was once a competitive and interdisciplinary student in the Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering. Now, he's the data mastermind behind one of Colorado's most beloved professional sports teams.

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Bruns researches cybernetic human advancement with New Frontiers Grant

Alexander James Servantez — Fri, 20 Jun 2025 17:51:14 +0000

Bruns researches cybernetic human advancement with New Frontiers Grant Alexander Jame… Fri, 06/20/2025 - 11:51

Associate Professor Carson Bruns has received a $50,000 grant through �鶹��Ѱ��Boulder's New Frontier Grant Program. The funding will allow Bruns and a couple of key collaborators to develop a new suite of body-integrated technology that can help monitor health, help with mobility challenges and enable peak performance in a range of daily activities.

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�鶹��Ѱ��Boulder students win big at collegiate hydropower competition

Alexander James Servantez — Wed, 18 Jun 2025 22:32:51 +0000

�鶹��Ѱ��Boulder students win big at collegiate hydropower competition Alexander Jame… Wed, 06/18/2025 - 16:32

Alexander Servantez

A powerhouse group of graduating seniors from the �鶹��Ѱ�� made waves in a sustainable challenge that’s all about energizing the future.

The �鶹��Ѱ��Hydropower Team took part in this year’s Hydropower Collegiate Competition, where 12 teams from universities across the country were tasked with developing unique energy solutions using fresh, moving water—one of the Earth’s oldest forms of renewable energy.

The �鶹��Ѱ��Hydropower Team holding up their award-winning testing apparatus on competition day.

But they weren’t just participants. They were overwhelming winners, earning first-place honors in a variety of contests within the competition, including the highly coveted Overall Best Team award.

“We had a great group and a really good workload sharing system,” said Logistics Manager Miles Salzer. “We weren’t really sure how we were going to do or what the outcome would be. There were a lot of challenges, but we overcame them and we’re proud of what we were able to accomplish.”

The competition, sponsored by the Department of Energy and the Water Power Technologies Office, was launched in 2022. It allows teams to showcase their engineering prowess by conceptually designing plans for either an electricity generating power dam or a functioning closed-loop pump storage facility.

The team chose to tackle the closed-loop pump storage facility—a novel hydropower solution that features two independent reservoirs that transport water back and forth, much like the sand in an hourglass. The system is also hydrodynamically sealed, preventing water from exiting the system.

CAD Engineer Jack Printup says this new pump storage concept is currently growing in popularity as a clean energy and sustainable alternative, but there are still some environmental risks involved.

“It’s basically a big water battery that lasts longer and is more consistent than other nonrenewable sources, but like nuclear plants, they can cause some damage to the area around it,” Printup said. “Our task was to choose and develop a site for our pump storage facility that was safe and could be implemented in the real world.”

�鶹��Ѱ��Hydropower team members Sascha Fowler (left) and Pisay Suzuki (right) working on their testing apparatus in preparation for the competition.

But the competition doesn’t just focus on technical design. Judges also assessed the team’s ability to manage their facility’s finances and cybersecurity.

They even measured the group’s ability to use digital tools to increase community awareness or quickly pitch their plan to a panel of “investors” in an environment reminiscent of the hit TV show “Shark Tank.”

Luckily, Salzer said the group was perfectly equipped to handle the interdisciplinary obstacles with a well-rounded force of their own. The team featured students from the Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, the Environmental Engineering Program, Integrated Design Engineering, the Department of Computer Science and even the Leeds School of Business.

“I think the different backgrounds made our group really unique,” said Salzer. “Hydropower—and renewable energy in general—are large and complex infrastructure projects. One of our team’s biggest strengths compared to other teams was our varied skill sets that allowed us to handle all of the challenges.”

Most importantly, however, the competition is designed to help college graduates develop skills, connections and interest in the hydropower industry.

Printup says increased activity and engagement in hydropower can be crucial, and this competition really sparked his passion.

“There are spurts in the hydropower industry—you build a large plant and then 60 years later it needs to be refurbished or new facilities need to be built,” Printup said. “I’m going into hydropower to continue developing this incredible technology, but also make sure public safety is at the forefront.”

The �鶹��Ѱ��Hydropower Team had a strong showing in this year's Hydropower Collegiate Competition, bringing home multiple awards including the best design award, the cybersecurity award, the best quick pitch award and the highly coveted first-place honor in the overall competition.

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From left to right: Maximilian Schmid, Pisay Suzuki, Jack Printup, Patrick Liu, Luke Shaw, Sara Leschova, Charlie Loewenguth, Sascha Fowler, Miles Salzer, Tristan Wrable and Landon Nattrass.

Bruns explores nanotech that turns plastic into fertilizer with RIO seed grant

Alexander James Servantez — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 15:42:54 +0000

Bruns explores nanotech that turns plastic into fertilizer with RIO seed grant Alexander Jame… Mon, 06/16/2025 - 09:42

Assistant Professor Carson Bruns was recently awarded a seed grant from �鶹��Ѱ��Boulder's Research and Innovation Office to turn agricultural materials into bio-based plastics that can be more easily recycled, composted or even used as fertilizer.

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New discovery could make a risky heart failure treatment safer

Alexander James Servantez — Thu, 12 Jun 2025 18:36:49 +0000

New discovery could make a risky heart failure treatment safer Alexander Jame… Thu, 06/12/2025 - 12:36

Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) designed to improve blood flow throughout the body can aid nearly 26 million people globally struggling with heart failure. But these implantable devices come with risks. New research by Assistant Professor Debanjan Mukherjee suggests that studying patient blood flow patterns could help determine who’s at risk of dangerous side effects from LVADs and lead to improvements that could make them safer.

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Robots and chemistry isn’t just a fun combo. Bruns says it’s the future

Alexander James Servantez — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 22:02:21 +0000

Robots and chemistry isn’t just a fun combo. Bruns says it’s the future Alexander Jame… Fri, 06/06/2025 - 16:02

Alexander Servantez

Carson Bruns is working to lend chemists a hand—literally—by bringing collaborative robots into chemical wet labs.

Bruns, an assistant professor in the Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering at �鶹��Ѱ��Boulder, is leading the charge on a project that he and his team like to call “robochemistry.” Their goal is to create robotic sidekicks that can assist chemists with burdensome or unsafe tasks that they may encounter in a wet lab on a daily basis.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, chemists and materials scientists held nearly 100,000 jobs in 2023 and overall employment is expected to grow eight percent over the next 10 years.

But unlike other large and growing industries, Bruns says chemical research and development has remained devoid of robots, often leading to injuries and considerable risks in the workplace.

“There are a lot of potential benefits for introducing robots into a chemical lab that haven’t been explored yet,” said Bruns, who is also affiliated with the ATLAS Institute, Biomedical Engineering Program and Materials Science and Engineering Program. “Our angle involves trying to reduce work burdens and safety risks, develop robots that collaborate with humans instead of replacing them, and increase accessibility so that even people with disabilities can perform chemistry.”

Middle school students exploring the intersections of robotics and chemistry during one of the "robochemistry" interactive workshops led by Bruns and his team.

The project, funded by the National Science Foundation, is in collaboration with researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and �鶹��Ѱ��Boulder’s Department of Computer Science. It started with an extensive observation-based task analysis that allowed Bruns and his team in the Emergent Nanomaterials Lab to develop a strong understanding of the various tasks that chemists were performing regularly in a wet lab.

After observing, interviewing and surveying their chemist test subjects, Bruns and his group were able to identify an array of different tasks that can potentially benefit from human and robot collaboration.

“We learned right away that chemists don’t really like doing a purification task called dialysis that is very common in a wet lab. It’s repetitive, it takes a lot of time and sometimes chemists have to come back to the lab in the middle of the night to change dialysis bags, which they don’t want to do.” Bruns said. “It seemed like a great case for a robot, so we built a robotic system automating the dialysis process.”

Bruns says his team of researchers has a list of other potential benefit areas, as well, including simple tasks like stabilizing a flask or offering a third hand to hold something for chemists when they need it. They are even trying to find solutions for more complex safety issues so that chemists can stay far away from violent and dangerous reactions.

But that’s not where the project ends. There is also an outreach portion aimed at improving science education and enhancing youth interest in science.

Led by PhD student Diane Jung, Bruns and his team ran a four-day interactive workshop series at a local middle school in Boulder. These workshops invited middle school students to build robots with Legos and use them to perform various chemistry experiments—something that’s already happening in Bruns’ lab.

“We’ve been building ordinary automation tools out of Lego because it’s cheaper and reconfigurable. When you don’t need it anymore, you just disassemble it and build it into something else,” said Bruns. “So we thought we could use this Lego thing we had going on in our lab already to appeal to a younger audience and show kids the fun and evolving intersection between chemistry and robotics in real time.”

During the workshop series, Bruns noticed various groups of students approaching experiments with unique perspectives and ideas. He said it was inspiring to see young kids actively engage with the science in front of them.

But most importantly, he saw the kids have fun.

“Thinking back to young Carson when he was a kid—it always just seemed very fun to me,” Bruns said. “I had positive role models in my life who also believed science was fun, so that was our goal with this part of the project. To help kids have a more positive association with the idea of science and engineering.”

Assistant Professor Carson Bruns is leading the charge on an NSF-funded project that he and his team like to call "robochemistry." Their goal is to create robotic sidekicks that can assist chemists with burdensome or unsafe tasks that they may routinely encounter in a wet lab. But that's not all: this unique blend of bots and beakers can also inspire youth interest in science.

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New study shows road emission policies could save 1.9M lives by 2040

Alexander James Servantez — Thu, 22 May 2025 20:45:25 +0000

New study shows road emission policies could save 1.9M lives by 2040 Alexander Jame… Thu, 05/22/2025 - 14:45

A new global study co-authored by Professor Daven Henze reveals that implementing smart policies that address road transport emissions can improve health outcomes across more than 180 countries and 13,000 urban areas.

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All News

Researchers testing next-generation ankle braces for stroke survivors

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New study shows road emission policies could save 1.9M lives by 2040

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�鶹��Ѱ��Boulder students win big at collegiate hydropower competition